Future at risk: Climate threat to emperor penguins by 2100
The emperor penguin, the largest of the penguin species, could face extinction by the end of the 21st century. Research published in "Biological Conservation" suggests a population decline of 90 per cent by 2100.
The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), primarily inhabiting Antarctica, is under threat of extinction. Scientists predict in an article for "Biological Conservation" that the population of these birds could decrease by as much as 90 per cent by 2100. This implies that by the last decade of this century, this charming bird will become extremely rare.
Climate change and the future of penguins
Climate change is the principal threat to emperor penguins. The melting ice cover of Antarctica is severely affecting their lifestyle, including hunting and raising their young. These penguins require stable ice sheets to rear their chicks, and obtaining these is becoming increasingly difficult.
A team of scientists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) carried out research revealing that emperor penguins are at a higher risk of extinction than previously thought. Professor Phil Trathan from the British Antarctic Survey highlights that the decline in emperor penguin numbers indicates changing conditions in Antarctica.
The team of scientists utilised the Multi-Model Large Ensemble (MMLE) simulation system to study the penguins, allowing them to create models of Earth's future ecosystems. Researchers applied three models to estimate the probability of emperor penguins' extinction. These models detailed a slow but steady population increase since 1950, followed by a decline starting in the 1980s. The conclusion? All these models suggest that the culmination of this process will occur around 2100, when the emperor penguin may become extinct.
The necessity of protecting emperor penguins
The findings of WHOI's research indicate the urgent need for protective measures. The conservation status of the emperor penguin has been changed from "least concern" to "near threatened". However, researchers believe that this may be insufficient to prevent further population decline.
Emperor penguins are a remarkable example of adaptation to the extreme conditions of Antarctica. Their ancestors originated from warmer regions but have adapted to life in this harsh climate. Unfortunately, current climate changes may surpass their adaptive capabilities, casting doubt on the future of this species.
