Chernobyl's canine survivors reveal rapid genetic evolution
After the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, thousands of people were forced to leave their homes and abandon their pets. Among these left-behind animals were dogs, which formed a unique and resilient population in the radiation-contaminated areas. New genetic research indicates that their DNA has significantly changed over the past four decades.
The dogs living in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone partly rely on the help of humans, such as scientists and workers in the region, who provide them with food and occasional veterinary care.
It is estimated that there are currently up to 800 semi-feral dogs in this area, which have survived despite the extreme conditions and exposure to radiation.
Our goal is to understand how the dogs have adapted to living in this environment, explains Elaine Ostrander, a geneticist from the National Human Genome Research Institute, quoted by "Wprost".
Found differences in DNA
Scientists analyzed the genetic material of 302 dogs inhabiting various locations around the reactor. The study results published in "Science Advances" indicate significant differences in their DNA compared to dogs outside the zone.
According to "Wprost", it was discovered that the genomes of dogs living closest to the site of the disaster have unique characteristics, which may be the result of long-term exposure to radiation.
One of the surprises was finding as many as 15 distinct genetic groups within the Chernobyl dog population. Even if the animals move and mix, the differences in their genes remain distinct.
Surviving against all odds
The radiation to which Chernobyl's dogs are exposed may have increased genetic diversity in the population. They stand out with unique mutations that may play a crucial role in adapting to life in a contaminated environment.
We want to identify DNA variants that may have evolved in response to high radiation levels and help survival in such conditions, explains Ostrander.
"Wprost" reports similar changes have been observed in other species inhabiting the exclusion zone. For example, Chernobyl wolves show increased resistance to cancer, and tree frogs have darker skin, likely related to higher levels of melanin protecting against radiation.
Evolution at an accelerated pace
Research on Chernobyl dogs allows a better understanding of how quickly populations can evolve in the face of extreme environmental conditions.
Although there is currently no answer to the question of how genetic changes affect the health and behaviour of these animals, scientists agree: this is just the beginning of fascinating discoveries about adaptation and survival in extreme conditions.
