Genetic diversity threatened as climate warms European peaks
Climate change significantly affects the genetic diversity of plants in European mountains. Recent findings indicate that rising global temperatures are causing trees and shrubs to expand into areas where they previously did not exist, posing a threat to mountain flora.
Climate change impacts nature worldwide. Climate warming and changes in land use are leading to increased vegetation in Europe's mountainous regions. Studies published in "Current Biology" reveal that this process threatens the genetic diversity of medicinal plants, such as Greek mountain tea.
Climate change impacts mountain vegetation
Mountainous regions are among the most biologically diverse areas on Earth. However, over the last 50 years, temperature rises and land-use changes have led to the expansion of shrubs and trees. Low-growing plants, crucial for local ecosystems, are being displaced by taller vegetation. This process alters the typical appearance and character of open mountain meadows.
Greek tea as an indicator of change
Sideritis, known as Greek mountain tea, is a key component of Mediterranean mountain meadow flora. The plant is valued for its medicinal properties and also serves as an indicator of the health of open mountain habitats. According to SciTech Daily, studies have shown that in eight out of the eleven studied mountain regions, the genetic diversity of Sideritis has significantly declined.
Research findings are concerning
Researchers combined satellite data with genetic analyses of vegetation. These analyses allowed for the assessment of changes in plant populations over decades. Thanks to the studies, it has been determined that in eight out of eleven regions, biodiversity has significantly declined, which greatly affects mountain flora.
The reduction in genetic diversity affects the ability of plants to adapt to environmental changes, which could lead to their extinction. Scientists recommend prioritizing conservation actions in regions most affected by "mountain greening."
