Papal insignia: Tradition meets simplicity in modern times

Here is what the new pope receives and what each of these elements means.

A narrow white band with six black crosses – this is the pallium. Made from the wool of sheep blessed on the feast of St. Agnes, it is stored in the Vatican. It is placed on the pope’s shoulders during the inaugural Mass in St. Peter's Square.

It is more than just decoration. The pallium symbolizes care for the faithful – a care a good shepherd should have. The black threads remind us of Christ's passion, and the material signifies gentleness. It is worth noting that since the pontificate of Benedict XVI, the pallium has had a simplified appearance – less ornate than in the Middle Ages.

A gold signet with St. Peter casting nets and the name of the new pope is the so-called Fisherman’s Ring (Anulus Piscatoris). Each pontificate has its unique piece. The ring is conferred to the pope during the inauguration. When his service ends – due to death or resignation – the ring is destroyed. Today, however, as in Benedict XVI's time, it is not completely smashed but only a cut is made.

The symbolism is clear: it is a sign of spiritual authority and succession from the apostle Peter – "a fisher of men." Interestingly, Pope Francis chose simplicity – instead of heavy gold, he opted for a simpler, gold-plated ring. Italian media, such as La Repubblica, regarded this as a manifesto of Francis's style. What will the new pope decide on?

Immediately after the election in the so-called Room of Tears, the newly elected pope puts on special garments. They include:

• a white cassock – a symbol of purity, sewn by the renowned Gammarelli tailor,
• a red cape (mozzetta) – once trimmed with ermine, Francis wore a simpler one,
• a white zucchetto – a small, round cap,
• red shoes – though today, popes more often choose everyday black footwear.

The pope's clothing is not just a matter of aesthetics – these are signs of his unique role. White symbolizes holiness, and red, martyrdom. The garments are donned even before the new pope's first appearance on the basilica balcony.

A cross hung on a cord – the so-called pectoral – is another element of the insignia. It is usually made of gold or silver, although Francis used a simple iron cross, which accompanied him back in Buenos Aires.

The pectoral reminds us of Christ's cross and the pope’s mission to carry it in his daily service. It is put on in the Room of Tears or before the inaugural mass, depending on the new Church head's preference.

Although the famous litter – sedia gestatoria – passed into history with John Paul I, during ceremonies the pope sits on a special chair. It is a symbol of authority, though it is no longer a permanent ritual element.

In turn, the keys of St. Peter – a sign of the power "to bind and to loose" in the Church – are not physically handed over. They appear as elements of the papal coat of arms and appear on Vatican flags. They refer to the words of Jesus from the Gospel according to Matthew: "I will give you the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven."

"Il Messaggero" and "Avvenire" highlight that the papal insignia are evolving. Pope Francis set an example of a new approach – rejecting ornate furs and gold, choosing simpler forms. Commentators saw this as an expression of the idea of "a Church of the poor for the poor."

"Avvenire" emphasizes that despite being rooted in tradition, the insignia are today adapted to the pope's personality and spiritual mission, making their significance all the more expressive.