Chernobyl fungi: A breakthrough in space radiation shielding
Unusual fungi discovered in the damaged nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl power plant may benefit space exploration. Research conducted on the species Cladosporium sphaerospermum could contribute to the success of future space journeys or the protection of colonies on other planets.
Researchers analysed samples of three Chernobyl fungi that have adapted to extremely harsh conditions. They found that Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Wangiella dermatitis grow more rapidly in the presence of radiation.
The unique fungus was identified on the Chernobyl nuclear reactor as early as 1991. It was puzzling why any life survived at the site of the nuclear disaster, and it took scientists many years to uncover how fungi survive in such extreme conditions. The reactor that failed in April 1986 and subsequently exploded is considered one of the least hospitable places on Earth. However, scientists have discovered fungi that grow using radiation.
Fungi absorb radiation, which they use for growth
These fungi also contain large amounts of melanin, a pigment in human skin. Melanin is known for its ability to absorb light, but studies have shown it has an additional function in fungi. Specifically, it absorbs radiation and converts it into chemical energy that supports growth. This function of melanin in fungi can be likened to photosynthesis, in which plant chlorophyll uses light to generate energy.
The future of space missions
Scientists speculate that these fungal species could help protect astronauts from radiation in space. Organic shields cultivated from living organisms could facilitate space travel. Although we have technology that provides radiation protection, implementing it outside Earth is extremely challenging and costly.
Researchers claim that the fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum can function as a self-renewing and self-replicating shield against radiation in space. In an experiment, Cladosporium sphaerospermum was placed on the International Space Station (ISS) for a month to evaluate its effectiveness in blocking radiation. The experiment indicated that fungi can adapt to microgravity and thrive in the presence of radiation in space. The results also showed a two percent reduction in radiation.
Medications for astronauts from fungi
There are also plans for the potential use of fungi to produce medications for astronauts to protect against the effects of long-term space missions. Using fungi as a possible food source during long space expeditions is also considered. This demonstrates how versatile these organisms could be in future journeys beyond Earth.
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