Martian dust: A hidden health hazard for future astronauts
Dust on Mars can pose a serious threat to the health of astronauts—it contains strong toxins like silica and iron. Research indicates a risk of respiratory diseases during missions to the Red Planet.
Recent studies conducted by the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California (USC) highlight that Martian dust poses a significant health risk for astronauts. According to the scientific journal "GeoHealth," this dust contains toxic elements, such as silica and iron, which can lead to respiratory diseases.
What dangers does Martian dust pose?
Justin L. Wang from USC, the lead author of the study published in "GeoHealth," emphasises that sandstorms on Mars can cause breathing problems and increase the risk of illnesses. "There are many potential toxic elements that astronauts could be exposed to on Mars. Most critically, there is an abundance of silica dust in addition to iron dust from basalt and nanophase iron, both of which are reactive to the lungs and can cause respiratory diseases," Wang points out.
Martian dust is much finer than that on Earth, which means our lungs are unable to expel it. It contains silica, which can lead to silicosis, and iron, which is reactive in the lungs. "Silica directly causes silicosis, which is typically considered an occupational disease for workers that are exposed to silica," Wang said.
What preventive measures are proposed?
Scientists suggest that effective air filtration in astronaut bases is crucial. "Limiting dust contamination of astronaut habitats and being able to filter out any dust that breaks through will be the most important countermeasure," the researchers write in their analysis. They also recommend the cautious use of vitamin C and iodine as preventive measures.
As missions to Mars become increasingly feasible, space agencies must develop strategies to minimise risks associated with Martian dust. This includes the development of protective technologies and research in pharmacology to safeguard astronauts' health during long-term missions to the Red Planet.
