Microalgae: Unsung heroes in the fight against climate change

Microalgae inhabiting peatlands can play a substantial role in combating global warming. According to the Polish Press Agency, these remarkable microorganisms engage in intense photosynthesis, absorbing more carbon dioxide as temperatures increase. Although they will not halt climate change, they can contribute significantly to mitigation efforts.

Microalgae are a crucial component of the peatland microbiome, and until recently, their capacity to absorb CO2 was underestimated. Research suggests that by the year 2100, they could increase carbon absorption by approximately 28.5 million metric tonnes annually if the peatlands remain in favourable condition.

Microalgae, such as cyanobacteria and green algae, reside in the upper layer of peatlands. In just one gram of dry moss mass, there can be anywhere from 10,000 to one million of these organisms. Rising temperatures stimulate their photosynthesis, enhancing the peatlands' capability to capture CO2.

Regrettably, climate change may also increase the number of microorganisms that decompose organic matter, releasing more CO2 than the microalgae can absorb. Consequently, while microalgae are beneficial, they cannot completely neutralise the effects of warming.

To gain a better understanding of the role of microalgae, scientists conducted experiments on peatlands in various climates. The results indicate that microalgae from cooler regions adapt better to warmer conditions, offering hope for their effectiveness in the future.

Protecting peatlands and globally reducing CO2 emissions remain vital in the fight against climate change. Further research is required to accurately assess the potential of microalgae as CO2 absorbers and to improve climate models.