South Korea's democratic strain: Martial law saga unfolds

On Tuesday, the President of South Korea, Yoon Suk Yeol, declared martial law, which was lifted after a few hours. This decision sparked a wave of criticism and concerns about the stability of democracy in the country. Yesola Kweon, a political scientist from Sungkyunkwan University, emphasized in an interview with the Polish Press Agency that these events highlight both the fragility of the democratic system and the determination of citizens to defend it.

The declaration of martial law by President Jun may have far-reaching consequences. Kweon notes that the president may be accused of attempting to incite an uprising. This decision was surprising even to key figures in the ruling People Power Party, indicating a lack of communication and coordination within the administration.

While Jun presented his decision as a response to the actions of "anti-state forces," many analysts and experts interpret it as a failed attempt to manage the challenges facing his struggling presidency, including low approval ratings, scandals involving his wife, and a legislature dominated by the opposition — notes Kweon, as quoted by the PAP.

Shortly after the declaration of martial law, deputies, including those from the People Power Party, joined calls for its revocation. Hundreds of citizens gathered in front of the National Assembly, deeming the president's decision invalid and unconstitutional. Protesters prevented soldiers from entering the parliament building.

Kweon emphasizes that "it is a relief that martial law was withdrawn before any casualties occurred; however, the fact that a democratically elected president resorted to such an extreme measure without sufficient justification is deeply troubling and cannot be ignored."

Tuesday's events may have long-lasting effects on South Korean politics. The expert points out that they might deepen divisions within the ruling party and lead to internal conflicts. On Wednesday, opposition politicians called for the president’s resignation, threatening to initiate impeachment proceedings.

Kweon notes that "resorting to extraordinary measures such as impeachment for the second time in the country’s recent history suggests that its democratic institutions are not functioning effectively." If legal violations are found during the declaration of martial law, President Jun could face more serious consequences than impeachment. Despite the crisis, Kweon also sees a positive aspect of the situation.

Citizens and politicians from across the political spectrum quickly united in defence of democracy, demonstrating a readiness to take action for its protection. In this sense, society has shown remarkable resilience, which is a testament to the enduring strength of democratic values — concludes Kweon in an interview with the PAP.