How to stay safe during heatwaves: Experts' top advice

During heat waves, we are exposed to numerous dangers that can negatively affect our health. Experts warn about the biggest threats and advise how to protect ourselves.

Heat stroke is one of the most serious health threats associated with heat waves. It manifests as a sudden rise in body temperature, confusion, disorientation, and even loss of consciousness. As experts point out, in extreme cases, heat stroke can lead to death. Scientists warn that people exposed to high temperatures should regularly cool their bodies and avoid strenuous physical activity during peak heat hours.

Dehydration is another serious threat during heatwaves. Symptoms of dehydration include dry mouth, thirst, headache, fatigue, and reduced urine output. Without adequate fluids, the body loses its ability to cool down effectively through sweating, which can lead to a rise in body temperature. It is important to drink plenty of water and consume isotonic drinks during heatwaves, as these help maintain the proper level of electrolytes in the body.

The risk of cardiovascular problems, including heart attacks, increases during heatwaves. Temperature changes cause blood vessels to expand and the heart to work harder, which may lead to excessive strain on the circulatory system. People with heart disease, hypertension, or other cardiovascular conditions are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of heat waves.

"On hot days, we see an increase in the number of patients with arrhythmias and heart attacks," doctors warn. It is recommended that people with cardiovascular problems avoid being in the sun during peak hours, remember to take their medications regularly, and stay hydrated.

During heatwaves, the risk of fires increases, especially in forests and green areas. Dry and hot conditions promote the rapid spread of fire, which can lead to catastrophic environmental consequences. Experts recommend being particularly cautious when engaging in activities that could cause a fire, such as lighting campfires or using open flames in the forest.

In many countries, for example, Greece, services are fighting fires caused by extreme heatwaves. Temperatures reaching 109 degrees Fahrenheit have forced the authorities to close the Acropolis in Athens and introduce bans on outdoor work. "This shows how serious the consequences of climate change can be and the need for advanced warning and prevention systems," climate experts say.

Heatwaves also contribute to worsening air quality. High temperatures encourage increased emissions of ozone and other pollutants. These chemicals can lead to smog, which is particularly harmful to health. Smog can cause breathing problems and exacerbate asthma symptoms and other respiratory diseases. It is worth avoiding being outdoors during the hottest hours of the day and using protective masks if air quality is very low.

Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of heat. On playgrounds, often without shade, they may suffer skin burns from contact with heated surfaces of swings, slides, and other metal elements. High temperatures can also lead to rapid dehydration. Parents should remember to use UV-filter creams and head coverings and provide children with regular breaks in the shade and access to water.

Like humans, pets are susceptible to overheating and heat stroke. Dogs, often confined in cars even for a short time, can quickly overheat. Even at moderate outdoor temperatures, the interior of a car can heat up to dangerous levels within minutes. It is also important to ensure that pets can access fresh water and shelter in cool places.

It is worth using a few proven methods to protect yourself from heatwaves. First, limit exposure to the sun during peak hours between 10:00 and 16:00. Wearing light, breathable clothing and head coverings can significantly reduce the risk of overheating. It is also important to drink plenty of water and avoid alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, which can lead to dehydration.

During heatwaves, it is also important to protect your home from excessive heating. This can be achieved by closing windows, covering them with curtains or blinds during the day, and opening them in the evening and at night when the temperature drops. Using fans or air conditioning can also help maintain a comfortable indoor temperature.