Katla's unpredictable threat: Europe at risk from Icelandic giant

Iceland's volcanoes have already demonstrated their might and unpredictability in recent history. Now, Katla, dormant beneath the Mýrdalsjökull glacier, has captured the attention of specialists. Experts warn that this geological formation's activity could transform Europe's face.

The Katla volcano, a colossal entity concealed under the ice that featured in an Icelandic crime novel on a streaming platform, may one day truly reveal its capabilities. Its last recorded eruption was in 1918.

This is a remarkable volcano. It lies beneath Iceland's fourth-largest glacier, Mýrdalsjökull. For years, it has been storing energy in a vast magma chamber. The geological formation is particularly concerning because its behaviour is entirely unpredictable.

Recently, the volcano reminded us of its presence in May 2023. Over a period of 24 hours, more than 40 earthquakes were recorded around it.

They did not cause significant damage, but three had magnitudes exceeding 4. The Richter magnitude scale ranges from 0 to 9. Numbers less than 2 are usually not felt by people, but magnitudes greater than eight cause extensive damage.

Scientists believe that if a large eruption of Katla occurs, its effects could be felt across Europe. The most immediate threat would be gigantic glacial floods, known as jökulhlaups.

The volcano's activity beneath the glacier leads to the melting of the ice cover over vast areas. Water and volcanic mud would pose the greatest threat to the island and its inhabitants.

However, volcanic ash fallout could even reach far east Europe. In 2010, a much smaller volcano, Eyjafjallajökull, paralysed air traffic over Europe. This time, the consequences could be more severe.

The eruption of this giant could also significantly impact the environment. Huge amounts of sulphur dioxide emitted into the atmosphere could affect the climate, agriculture, and the economy.

Scientists advocate for the unpredictable Katla to be included in Europe’s crisis management scenarios. The volcano could erupt unexpectedly, and it would be prudent to have an emergency plan in place.